Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Redefined: How the Sixth Level, Self-transcendence, Can Enrich Organi

Abraham Maslow, founder of humanistic psychology, developed the classic five level hierarchy of needs pyramid explaining human motivation. It is especially his identification of higher order needs such as self-actualization, self-esteem, and motivation that have played a major role in the development of managers and leadership, giving him the title of \"Father of Modern Management and Leadership\". Based on Maslow's theory, the focus of the multitude of programs on personal development and motivation is on the desire of individuals to actualize and fulfil their personal potential. This focus places the individual on a narrow and intense path toward personal success. Before Maslow died however, he identified a sixth (and highest) level of need, self-transcendence, which goes beyond individual needs. At the sixth level, people view the world and their purpose in it on a more global scale. Self-transcendent leaders are characterized by a common purpose, a global perspective, and joint responsibility for the fate of the whole organization; they identify with something greater than the individual self, engaging in selfless service to others. This paper examines the enriching implications of Maslow's previously neglected level of self-transcendence can have on organization culture, management style, and leadership development.
(By: Dr. Henry Venter Associate Professor, Program Lead Faculty for Bachelor of Sciences in Organizational Behavior, Department of Psychology, National University )